For many residents of private homes, a logical question arises: is fireproof treatment of attic rooms really necessary? The answer is obvious - needed. The "Building Norms and Rules" states that all wooden structures in the attic should be fire protected.
- Attic requirements
- Application of flame retardant
- Types of fire protection products
- How to achieve efficiency
Attic requirements
Fire protection of all wooden structures in the attic or attic is the main requirement of SNiP, but there are several additional ones.
- The attic is usually small in size. Because of this, fire extinguishing problems may occur. To avoid them, you need to take care of the equipment of a special fire hatch. It is a sash that is filled with a non-combustible heat-insulating material. Thanks to these designs, the spread of fire can be suppressed for approximately 30 minutes.
- All wooden elements of the attic and attic must be treated with a special type of paint and varnish materials - fire-retardant treatment. This applies to beams, rafters, stand, etc. It is desirable that such work was carried out by specially trained people. At the end of the process, they issue an act of flame retardant treatment. The type of impregnation used depends on the purpose of the building. It can have both a low and a higher level of protection.
- The space of the attic should be divided into several parts. Non-combustible materials are used as a separator.
- Do not litter or clutter the attic. Fire hydrants must be freely available. Attic - no place for rubbish!
High-quality fire-retardants provide protection for a period of about 10 years. Separately, it is worth mentioning the requirements for attics:
- If there are offices in the attics, then the evacuation exits should not intersect with the living quarters.
- Must have at least two emergency exits.
- Like the attic, the attic should be divided into separate zones. Each of them must have access to the stairs.
Before applying the fire-fighting composition, it is necessary to treat wooden structures with a tool to prevent rotting of the tree.
to contents ↑Application of flame retardant
Processing of wooden structures can be performed independently. However, in this case, the Ministry of Emergency Situations employees have the right to check and challenge the quality of the application of the flame retardant. If this happens, you need to correct the shortcomings and errors as soon as possible.
The process of applying a fire protection agent to wooden structures includes not only high-quality performance of work, but also verification of the results. Those who carry out the processing have a great responsibility. Therefore, many decide to seek the help of specialists. What does the process of their work look like? It consists of several stages:
- determination of the size (area) of the room;
- drawing up a processing plan for each individual room;
- checking the premises for compliance with the basic requirements for fire safety;
- drawing up a project of ceilings;
- determination of the necessary types of work and their scope (establishing the necessary level of fire protection for a single attic or attic);
- drawing fireproof impregnation on all wooden structures;
- checking how well the work was done.
Types of fire protection products
There are several main types of fire retardant impregnations. They differ in composition, method of application and quantity required for processing.
- Paints and varnishes. These include impregnations, mastics, varnishes and paints. They have different levels of protection and validity. Typically, such data is indicated on the package. Some of these materials may contain harmful substances that affect the human body. Therefore, in the process, do not neglect personal protective equipment.
- Such wooden structures as beams, stanchions, load-bearing elements can be protected using fire barriers - gypsum fiber or drywall boards. It is imperative that mineral deposits be placed inside the barrier.
- Fire fighting compound. The most reliable type of fire protection. Represents the use of plaster compositions made with the addition of vermiculite. Also included are roll materials.
Impregnations of wooden structures are waterproof, bioprotective, bio-moisture protective, fire-protective, fire-protective and universal, combining fire, moisture and biological protection. According to the effectiveness of the action, they are divided into 2 groups, when after coating the wood:
- does not support combustion;
- not flammable at all.
Many people believe that the use of universal fire retardant impregnation is very convenient, because you do not have to use three different substances at once (varnish, antiseptic and impregnation itself). But is it really so?
After applying a universal composition, a protective film forms on the surface of wooden structures. On the one hand, it’s good. The tree is reliably protected from water. However, in this case it is difficult to determine how well the structure was saturated, whether it acquired the necessary properties. In addition, the resulting film will not let other substances pass through it.
All universal tools are somewhat inferior to those that have a special purpose. For example, you can take antiseptic impregnation. If you use it as an independent element, the antiseptic properties of the tree will increase significantly. If the antiseptic is part of universal impregnation, the level of protection will decrease. The same goes for flame retardant.
to contents ↑How to achieve efficiency
For the protection to work well, you must follow the rules for applying fire fighting means:
- the surface should be clean and dry;
- it is desirable to apply the product in two layers;
- the room should be aired;
- personal protective equipment needed.
It is possible and necessary to use means to protect attic rooms from fires. They will not only provide fire protection, but also extend the life of wooden structures. You can carry out the processing yourself, but it is better to seek the help of specialists.
